goldsmitli



(No Model-J GOLDSMITH- 1 LEAD 211mm,. 0- Patented Mar. 351891,

2 (57 3068618: I e v e 221- 0 2 i UNIT D STATES I tries.

,n'rnox 1i. eoL snrm-i, or NEW YORK, Y.

mo-Penman.

SPECIFICATION forming-part of Letters Patent No. 447,310, dated March 3, 1891. Appliestionfiledlllinyfl,1890. serialin.s51,0e5. on model.)

To all whom it may concern:-

Ilie it known that I, BYRON l3. GOLDSMITH, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Lead-Pencils, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to improvement-s in pencils, pencil and pen holders, and other like articles, all of which are comprised in the generic term peneiljand all oi? which I mean to include by the term f lead-pencils;

and it. consists, broadly speaki ig, in a lead-- pencil the wooden surface of"whieh is pro videdwith a coating of pyroxyline andin addition thereto with a superimposed coatinof ordinary varnish.

I have found that pyroxyline in solution when applied as a varnish to wooden or other fibrous surfaces does not, like ordinary varnishes, raise the liber of the wood,'but keeps that surface as even and smooth as it was before the pyroxyline was applied. In consequence thereof a pyroxyline or celluloid varnish applied to wooden articles is capable of receiving an exceedingly high polish, for in the act of polishing" no wood fibers are torn oil from the surface. to expose minute spots of the bare wood, as is the case with all other varnishes which raise the fiber of the wood, as is well known. Thus in coating the wood of. a lei-ul-pencil or pencil or pen-holder with celluloid varnish and then polishing the latter the surface thus treated receives an ea:- cecdingly high metallic luster. lly preference I apply to the pyroxyline surface, whether polished or not, a protective coating of ordinary varnislnwhich, not being in contact with the wood proper, does not raise the liberof the same, and permits the pencil. being stamped, in gold or other letters, with the name of the maker or descriptive words or ornamental designs, in the same manner in which thisis done with ordinary lead-pencils.- liieattpenoils and other like articles thus prepared are smooth and pleasant to the touch and retain their high polish an indefinite time, and are in this respect more durable than pencils of ordinary manufacture. I

,To still further ornament and protect the surfaces of lead-peneils and other like articles the pyroxyline varnish is colored or tinted with a suitable pigment, and preferably with an aniline color, which rapidly diffuses in a celluloid varnish; or I may color the penc l after the pyroxyiine has been applied by moinentarilydippingit into an aniline dye. My

improved lead-pencil therefore has upen the surface of the wood, tirst,ar1 exceedingly thin coat of pyroxyline, either colorless or tinted,

and, second, a thin coat of the'ordinary varnish, it being understood that the coat of pyroxyline may be polished, and that the ordinary varnish after its. application may also be polished.

' (In the accompanying drawings, which form apart of this s; eeiiicat-ion,l have illustrated as far as practicable my improved article of ma nutaet u re.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of a lead-pencil with my improvement applied thereto, butshowing the coatings upon the wood of the lead peneil greatly exaggee ated; and Fig. .2 represents a cross-seetion of the improved'leadpcncil upon a still larger scale, and the coatings of the wood alsoexaggerated.

A represents the wooden body of the1lead-.

pencil with the graphite or graphite compound B in the center. The "very thin-coating of pyroxyline upon thesnrfaee of the weed is represented by appropriate shading and is marked by the reference-letter (i. This coat ing, as has been stated above, is applied to the wood in. a fluid state, either tinted er cel- As an articleof manufacture,alcad pere oil having a tinted coat of pyrexylinenpen its exposed surface and a protective coating pf.

ordinary varnish upon the pyroxyiine,substantially as described.

3. As anartieic of manufacture, a lead-pon-" I eilha -ving a-fiuiished and tinbedcoat of pyv roxylineupon its exposed surface and a pro: to this specification in the presence of Ike. teetlve coating of ordinary varnish upon the subscribing witnesses. pyroxyline, substantially as described.

-5 i 4. As an article of mannfacture,alead-pen- BYRON D. GOLDSMITH-L cil having a. polished coat of pyrox'yline upon E fits exposedsnrface and iii-polished coating of Witnesses: ordinary varnish upon the 'pyroxyline, sub- SAMUEL J. RECKENDERFER, f stantially as described. MICHAEL J. CANNON.

In testimony whereof I have signed my nan 

